Can Africa develop an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries?

In this report, we summarise the potential for developing an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries in Africa. Lithium is a moderately abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and is predominantly concentrated into three types of mineral deposit: pegmatites and granites; sedimentary deposits; and brines (Bowell et al., 2020).

What is lithium Africa?

Lithium Africa operates in the upstream segment of the battery supply chain, focusing on lithium exploration and resource definition. Its core contribution lies in locating and characterizing high-grade lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatite deposits—igneous rock formations rich in spodumene, the primary ore for battery-grade lithium.

Why is a lithium supply chain important in Africa?

Understanding of lithium supply, demand and markets is essential for development of the Li supply chain in Africa. Energy security. Lithium mineral processing is highly energy intensive, and so secure energy supplies are essential for industrial engagement in the lithium supply chain.

Will lithium be exported outside Africa?

In the coming years, as global demand for lithium for batteries grows, it is highly likely that some current exploration projects will develop into mines. However, these mines will likely produce mineral concentrates that will then be exported outside Africa for further refining.

Which countries are developing a lithium-ion battery value chain?

Nevertheless, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) places the lithium-ion battery value chain as a priority. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia recently signed a memorandum of understanding to develop this value chain. South Africa and Morocco have announced plans to build LIB gigafactories.

What are some examples of a global demand for lithium-ion batteries?

Batteries are one example of this trend. The worldwide demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is expected to reach 13.5 million metric tonnes by 2030, implying a large increase in the demand for African CRMs including lithium, cobalt, manganese, graphite and phosphate.